Essay on Education A Path to Gender Equality in Labor...

Human capital is a fundamental labor force. Thus, encouraging greater female participation or reinforcing gender equality in labor markets worldwide will lead to gains in productivity. However, what can be done to create gender equality? A study emphasized the equality of education. When education access to women is equal to men, occupation opportunities and earnings of men and women with similar education and experience are equal. A research in Pakistan and other studies are introduced. Their findings suggest that education plays a vital part in gender equality in labor force. In another word, education can be a path to gender equality in labor markets. For education to be a path to gender equality, it must benefit woman equally to man.†¦show more content†¦Tembon and Fort also agree with this ideal. They basically state that education can profit individuals in the labor market by assisting their admission into higher earning occupations and by increasing their earnings within an occupation. So it can promote gender equality in labor market when education access to woman is equal to man (Tembon, et all. Ed 68). For education to promote gender equality, it must profit women equally to man, given the history of discrimination against women and girls in schooling. In order to gain insights into the relationships between education and labor market outcomes for women, one case of Pakistan is examined. Pakistan has long been known for its gender gaps in education. Girls are behind in education access, in the quality of schooling available and in the outcomes of education. Far from narrowing over time, the gender gap in primary enrollment rose by 30 percentage points between 1985 and 1995, even predominate over Afghanistan, where the corresponding gap rose by 18 percentage points over the same period (computed from Conly 2004). This perseverance of gender inequality in access to schooling damages achievement of the Millennium Development Goals for education in Pakistan. The main study considers two relationships: the association between education and occupational outcomes and the association betwe en education and earnings. When examining theShow MoreRelatedGender Inequality Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesthe work of researchers, we get to know more and more on the issue of gender inequality in different areas of our society. However, although significant progress has been made during the twentieth century, in an attempt to equalize the rights of women and men, they still do not seem to be met daily. Having a job is considered important for men and women, although the centrality of work is organized completely differently by gender. This form of inequality persists in all areas such as: participationRead MoreHorace Mann s Concept For Equality828 Words   |  4 Pages Equality of Opportunity is the idea that all persons in a society are given equal opportunities to achieve educational and financial equality by having the chance to enter any occupation or social class. Schools play a paramount role in providing equality of opportunity as they are responsible for its implementation. Many issues exist for schools to provide equality of education due mostly to a family’s economic condition. Contributory factors such as a student’s cultural background, which testRead MoreAge, Race, Class And Sex : Women Redefining Difference By Audre Lorde1327 Words   |  6 Pagesacts, even if they have never met. Men and women’s behavior according to develop cultural assumptions about the nature of men and women. Sex involves adjusting a person s behavior to meet the social expectations of gender. Sex is defined by our biological genital organs. Gender category identifies individuals as male or female. Sex is neither about something is based on facts nor we are born with. Sex exists only in our behavior; they are divided into male or female. Women and men are judged byRead MoreDe Beauvoirs â€Å"Woman as Other†1394 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Woman as Other† De Beauvoir’s â€Å"Woman as Other† lays out an elaborate argument on gender inequality; using the term â€Å"other† to establish woman’s alternate, lesser important role throughout her work, the author dissects and examines from its origin the female’s secondary position in society in contrast to man. Indeed, from the beginning of recorded history, the duality of man, by definition, positions woman at the opposing end of the spectrum in relation to her male counterpart. Even by today’sRead MoreThe Educational Inequality : Brown And Park2757 Words   |  12 Pagesinvest enough in education even though they will get more returns in the future. Furthermore, parents in rural areas are likely to have lower level of educational background, so it is hard for them to educate their children (p.1). Hannum (2003) considers that market reforms in China have increased people’s awareness of educational inequality in rural communities, especially about educational opportunities for children in rural China. However, the problem of gender inequality in education exits in manyRead MoreGender Inequality in Vietnam2316 Words   |  10 Pagesthe field of gender equality.  Vietnam has the appropriate policies to ensure equal rights for men and women and has made significant progress to reduce the gender gap in health and education as well as improve the situation of women  women in general. However, these achievements have not purely synchronous and along with that progress there still exists several shortcomings. Moreover, with the transition process to more and more expanding market economy, the challenges of gender equality are changingRead More Integrating Women into the World Economy Essay2172 Words   |  9 Pagescontributed to a disparity in gender equality in the economic sector, as most opportunities for women have been severely overlooked. The United Nations, recognizing this, is committed to decreasing the gap between gender developments. The Economic and Financial Committee has declared the topic of women and development to be revisited and revised by the General Assembly on an annual basis. The issue of globalization and development is one of many agenda topics, however, and gender development is all encompassingRead MoreWhy Does Income Inequality Exists?1442 Words   |  6 Pagescauses greater income inequalities are wages and salaries. The determination of wages by the market is a major cause of economic inequality. Wages work in the same way as price and by applying the law of supply and demand, the wage is determined by the race between the demand and supply of skilled workers. When the demand of skill surpasses the supply of that particular skill, we would expect that the market will offer a higher wage or price in order to persuade the skilled worker to work with themRead MoreGender Equality And Women s Entrepreneurship2258 Words   |  10 Pagesand goods characteristics.† This interested me because I always looking for justice, equality whenever and anywhere. Gender equality are mostly relates to this topics. My current perspective is, that nowadays seems really big differences between males and females and this project started by my willing to achieve this kind of equality. I. Background of the problem Worthwhile to wonder why level of gender equality development in nowadays and find reason why it is not high. For the years in businessRead MoreWhy Does Income Inequality Exists?1427 Words   |  6 Pagescauses greater income inequalities are wages and salaries. The determination of wages by the market is a major cause of economic inequality. Wages work in the same way as price and by applying the law of supply and demand, the wage is determined by the race between the demand and supply of skilled workers. When the demand of skill surpasses the supply of that particular skill, we would expect that the market will offer a higher wage or price in order to persuade the skilled worker to work with them

Breast Cancer The Most Common Cancer - 934 Words

Cancer occurs as an result of mutations in the genes responsible for regulating the growth of cells and keeping them healthy. Normally, the cells in our bodies replace themselves , healthy new cells take over as old ones die out, but, over time, mutations can â€Å"turn on† certain genes and â€Å"turn off† others in a cell. That changed cell gains the ability to keep dividing without control or order, producing more cells like it and forming a tumor. Breast cancer refers to a malignant tumor that has developed in the cells of the breast. Breast cancer is usually caused by a genetic abnormality, however, only 5-10% of cancers are due to an abnormality inherited from your mother or father. Instead, 85-90% of breast cancers are due to genetic abnormalities that happen as a result of the aging process. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among American women, right behind skin cancers. About 1 in 8 (12%) of women will develop invasive breast cancer during their lifetim e. It is also the second leading cause of cancer death in women, exceeded only by lung cancer. 1 in 35 (about 3%) women will die from breast cancer, although death rates have been on the decline since 1989. These decreases are believed to be the result of earlier detection through screening and increased awareness, as well as improved treatment. It is exceedingly rare in men. Less than 1% of all breast cancers occur in men. In 2015, about 2,350 men are expected to be diagnosed with the disease. For men, theShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer : The Most Common Cancer Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesBreast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the world. Though the unknown nature of breast cancer etiology is still on debate, there are numerous risk factors that influence the development of the disease including genetic, environmental, hormonal, sociobiological and physiological influences. The impact of breast cancer is deep in women diagnosed with the disease and their families wit h fear and anxiety over the eventual outcome of the disease manifesting itself through behavioral changesRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Second Most Common Cancer1403 Words   |  6 PagesStates, breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Although it can occur in both men and women, it is very rare in men. An individual’s breast has many components. It contains glands, ducts and breast tissue that contains fat, connective tissue, lymph nodes and blood vessels. The most common type of breast cancer in the U.S. is ducts carcinoma. This type of cancer begins within the cells of the ducts, but it can also begin in the cells of the lobules and other tissues of the breast. ThereRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Most Common Form Of Cancer1384 Words   |  6 Pages This paper will inform you of Breast Cancer. It is the most common form of cancer in women today but thanks to medical advances it is no longer the number one killer of women. The medical world has made some huge advances in diagnosing breast cancer and because of that, it has given women everywhere a fighting chance. Even with Breast Self-Exams (BSE) and Mammography it is still prevalent today. I will take you through the journey from finding the first lump, diagnosis, therapy, and finally theRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Most Common Types Of Cancer811 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. â€Å"With 55,222 new cases in the UK alone in 2014†. (Cancer Research UK Org) http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/breast-cancer [02 April 2017] With hundreds of foundations and charities built for people struggling with breast cancer there are a numerous amount of treatment and preventions. However, breast cancer is a disease where cancerous breast cells grow rapidly and out of controlRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Second Most Common Cancer1884 Words   |  8 Page sIntro: In the United States, breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Alt-hough it can occur in both men and women, it is very rare in men.. The most common type of breast cancer in the U.S. is ducts carcinoma. This type of cancer begins within the cells of the ducts, but it can also begin in the cells of the lobules and other tissues of the breast. An individu-al’s breast has many components. It contains glands, ducts and breast tissue that contains fat, connective tissue, lymphRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Most Common Form Of Cancer937 Words   |  4 PagesBreast Cancer is the most common form of cancer found in women in the United states and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. 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Komen, researchers are receiving enough money that is donated to breast cancer to look deeper and try to find ways to cure and to help prevent such a fatal disease. It’s really important forRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Second Most Common Diagnosed Cancer Among American Woman2285 Words   |  10 Pagesbreastcancer.org, breast cancer is the second most common diagnosed cancer among American woman, with 1 in 8 women in the US developing invasive breast cancer throughout their lifetime. Breast cancer occurs when some of the cells in the breast begin to grow in an abnormal form. These abnormal cells divide quickly and produce more, causing a lump to be made. As much as 10% of breast cancer cases in Western countries are due to genetic tendency. The likelihood of being affect by breast cancer is generally

Bacon Free Essays

â€Å"Of Studies† by Francis Bacon An analysis The purpose of this work is to analyze Sixteen Century Francis Bacon’s essay â€Å"Of Studies† by summarizing its main points and the relevance of its statements to this day. Francis Bacon was an English Philosopher and writer best known as a founder of the modern empirical tradition based on the rational analysis of data obtained by observation and experimentation of the physical world. The main focus of Bacon’s essay rests on explaining to the reader the importance of study knowledge in terms of its practical application towards the individual and its society. We will write a custom essay sample on Bacon or any similar topic only for you Order Now His first analysis is an exposition on the purposes or uses that different individuals can have by approaching Study –â€Å"†¦for delight, ornament, and for ability†- And how certain professions are better served by individuals with study knowledge. As he mentions the virtues of Study he also points out its vices: –â€Å"To spend too much time in study is sloth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Also, how Study influences our understanding of Nature, and in opposition, how our experience of Nature bounds our acquired knowledge. After that, the Author presents the concept of how different individuals with different mental abilities and interests in life, approach the idea of studying –â€Å"Crafty men contemn studies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ - and offers advice on how study should be applied: –â€Å"†¦but to weight and consider†- Then Bacon goes into expressing his ideas in how the means to acquire study knowledge, books, can be categorized and read according to their content and value to the individual. The benefits of studying are Bacon’s final approach. Benefits in terms of defining a â€Å"Man† by its ability to read, write or confer, and in terms of being the medicine for any â€Å"impediment in the wit† and by giving â€Å"receipts† to â€Å"every defect of the mind†. Certainly, some of Francis Bacon’s insights in this subject are of value after 400 years of societal evolution. We can ascertain this when we read the phrase â€Å"They perfect Nature, and are perfected by experience†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Nevertheless some of the concepts expressed in his Essay have to be understood through the glass of time. By this I mean Society values and concepts were different altogethers to what we know today. By that time Society was strongly influenced by the idea of literacy and illiteracy (relatively few were educated and could read and write). Only educated people had access to knowledge and by that, to social status and opportunity. Nowadays would be difficult to accept ideas which relate skills or professions towards an attitude to approach studying. Today, a skilled machinist or carpenter can certainly be a studied person. Nowadays most people in our Society have the possibility to read and by that, to obtain knowledge independently of what our personal choices are in terms of profession. Also we must consider how today we value the specialization of knowledge which in the past, characterized by a more generic and limited access to knowledge, wasn’t a major factor into the conceptualization and understanding of study knowledge as to the extent we see it today. Finally, it is doubtful that the benefits of studying can be approached as a recipe for any â€Å"intellectual illness†. We now know that the real illnesses are related to mental conditions and not necessarily to our mental skills, abilities or lack of them and by that I mean that Bacon’s solutions to those conditions are substantially naive under the actual understanding of Human Psychology. Concepts and ideas evolve at the same time as the Human condition changes in all social, scientific, political and economic aspects. By looking through the glass of time and comparing the past to the present we come to the realization of the universality and endurance of some concepts and the fragility and impermanence of some others. How to cite Bacon, Papers

Business Law Content of Modeling

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Lawfor Content of Modeling. Answer: Initial Information Main Issues in the Case In the present case, primary issue which came to the notice with respect to the engagement of the parties in the contract on the content of modeling. The contract was created between Richardson and Club Vision Lounge for the purpose of swim- suit modeling by featuring male dancers. The major issue was that the advertisement and the contract details of the Lounge did not specified about the requirements on contestants photographs as well as featuring of stripping dancing. Application of Public or Private Law Public law is applicable on the conflicting issues that affect the general society or public while the private law is applicable on issues at individual level concerning the families or small group of related people (Radvansky et al. 2015). In the present case, issue was raised between the company and Richardson that eventually affected the general public. Therefore, Public law is applicable in this case. Application of Public Law Public law is applicable in this case because the issue occurred between Club Vision Lounge and Richardson affected the general public as a whole since, the advertisement published by the organization meant for all the contestants (Ackermann et al. 2015). Even though the defamation by organization affected only Richardson yet it was likely to affect the entire society because the contract was made for contestants in general public. Pleadings Plaintiff Plaintiff is a person or party who takes the initiative to file a lawsuit before the court for the purpose of legal remedy on the dispute (Kutateladze, Andiloro and Johnson 2016). In the present case, Richardson is a plaintiff party since he sued the Club Vision Lounge for defamation. Defendant Defendant is a party whether individual or an organization accused of offense or a person against whom a civil complaint has been sought before the court. In the present case, defendant party is Club Vision Lounge. Pleadings to be Provided by the Plaintiff In the present case, plaintiff filed a suit against the Club for defamation stating the disclosure of male dancer (stripper) on part of Richardson when he was actually not. Further, the pleadings were filed on reputational damages as well as absence of written agreement on the competition conditions. Pleadings to be Provided by the Defendant Pleadings by defendant refer to the response stated in written form against the complaint made by plaintiff. Club responded on the complaint of plaintiff stating the agreement of Richardson with respect to the use of photos. Hearing of Lawsuit Since the case is a disagreement between individual and organization, it forms a civil case which would be heard for trial at the Federal Court followed by Supreme Court if the plaintiff fails to get a remedy. Current Monetary Limit for the Court In case the dispute trial is conducted by small courts then the monetary limit is $7,500 to $25,000 which is increased to $50,000 to $150,000 if the trial is conduct at magistrate court. Discoveries In the present case two most important documents in discovery would be document stated the advertisement details on competition and the photographs produced with respect to the contract. In order to discover the fact of the case, it is important to examine all the relevant documents to find out the confidential communication and intention of forming the contract. Both the parties, i.e. the club and Richardson are likely to be examined. Pretrial conference is process of meeting that takes place before the trial which is conducted in front of magistrate or trial judge or any other officer. It is conducted to accomplish fair and speedy trial between the plaintiff and defendant (O'Mahony et al. 2016). Settlement One of the reasonable offers for settlement for the club can be made is to provide the sum of damages as compensation to the plaintiff i.e. Richardson. The offer is reasonable because Richardson had to face reputational damage as well as defamatory action through the contract. Trial Types of Evidences The evidences that can be presented at this trial are personal evidence and physical evidence. Personal evidence could be confession made by the club as well as the statement of plaintiff. On the other hand, physical evidence could be presentation of advertisement documents and photographs (Atkinson and Wright 2016). Damages that Richardson Suffer As per the contention of Richardson, damages that he suffered were defamatory on the action of the club and reputational damage. It was argued that there was no written agreement present permitting the terms of advertisement of the competition hence Richardson suffered loss out of non- disclosure of facts. Remedies or solutions Mr. Richardson requested at trial The remedies that were requested by Richardson at trial court were compensation of $17,500 for damages and reimbursements of legal fees $200. Legal costs to be awarded to Richardson In case the trial is awarded in favor of Richardson, then the legal costs on filing fee $150 and preparation fee $50 would be reimbursed to him. Enforcement In order to enforce the courts judgment, Richardson can opt for filing a writ for the delivery of compensation against the club. Another procedure that Richardson can select is Garnishee order which requires an order from court to receive the compensation from the defendants bank accounts. However, writ for delivery of compensation amount requires authorization from the court to take the possession of either compensation amount or the properties of equivalent value from the defendant (Tobler 2016). Suggestions on Remedy to Satisfy the Disputed Parties There are various remedies available to settle the conflict between disputed parties. First remedy or solution could be documentation with respect to the issues on the contract that requires creation of written as well as discussion of the matter. Another remedy that parties can consider is mediation that involves a discussion with the third party to settle the disputes related to the contract issues. Arbitration is third remedy which is conducted before a professional arbitrator neutral to both the parties or by respective arbitrators of both the parties. Arbitration is conducted by discussing the concerned issues for the benefit of both the disputed parties by taking fair decisions. Reference List Ackermann, N., Goodman, M.S., Gilbert, K., Arroyo-Johnson, C. and Pagano, M., 2015. Race, law, and health: Examination of Stand Your Groundand defendant convictions in Florida.Social Science Medicine,142, pp.194-201. Atkinson, A.R. and Wright, C., 2016. 11 Dispute resolution.BIM and Quantity Surveying, p.217. Kutateladze, B.L., Andiloro, N.R. and Johnson, B.D., 2016. Opening Pandoras Box: How Does Defendant Race Influence Plea Bargaining?.Justice Quarterly,33(3), pp.398-426. O'Mahony, B.M., Creaton, J., Smith, K. and Milne, R., 2016. Developing a professional identity in a new work environment: the views of defendant intermediaries working in the criminal courts.Journal of Forensic Practice,18(2), pp.155-166. Radvansky, B.M., Farver, W.T., Svider, P.F., Eloy, J.A., Gubenko, Y.A. and Eloy, J.D., 2015. A comparison of plaintiff and defense expert witness qualifications in malpractice litigation in anesthesiology.Anesthesia Analgesia,120(6), pp.1369-1374. Tobler, C., 2016. Dispute resolution under the EEA Agreement. InThe Handbook of EEA Law(pp. 195-207). Springer International Publishing.

Animal Farm Vs. The Godfather Essays - British Films, Cold War Films

Animal Farm Vs. The Godfather Animal Farm vs. The Godfather George Orwell and Mario Puzo wrote Animal Farm and The Godfather (from the book The Godfather), respectively, to express their disillusionment with society and human nature. Animal Farm, written in 1944, is a book that tells the animal fable of a farm in which the farm animals revolt against their human masters. It is an example of social criticism in literature in which Orwell satirized the events in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution. He anthropomorphizes the animals, and eludes each one to a counter part in Russian history. The movie The Godfather, directed by Francis Ford Coppula, also typifies this kind of literature. Besides the central theme of mob life, is another prevalent theme, that of a revolution gone bad. He shows us that, unfortunately, human nature causes us to be vengeful and, for some of us, overly ambitious. Both of these works are similar in that both describe how, even with the best of intentions, our ambitions get the best of us. Both of the authors also demo nstrate that violence and the Machiavellian attitude of the ends justifying the means are deplorable. George Orwell wrote Animal Farm, to discredit the Soviet system by showing its inhumanity and its back-sliding from ideals [he] valued (Gardner, 106) Orwell noted, there exists in England almost no literature of disillusionment with the Soviet Union. Instead, that country is viewed either with ignorant disapproval or with uncritical admiration. (Orwell, 10) The other animals take this utopian idea to heart, and one day actually do revolt and drive the humans out. Two pigs emerge as leaders: Napoleon and Snowball. They constantly argued, but one day, due to a difference over plans to build a windmill, Napoleon exiled Snowball. Almost immediately, Napoleon established a totalitarian government. Soon, the pigs began to get special favors, until finally, they were indistinguishable from humans to the other animals. Immediately the reader can begin to draw parallels between the books characters and the government in 1914-1944 Russia. For example, Old Major, who invented the idea of anima lism, is seen as representing Karl Marx, the creator of communism. Snowball represents Trotksy, a Russian leader after the revolution. He was driven out by Napoleon, who represents Stalin, the most powerful figure in the country. Napoleon then proceeded to remove the freedoms of the animals, and established a dictatorship, under the public veil of animalism. Pigs represent the ruling class because of their stereotype: dirty animals with insatiable appetites. Boxer, the overworked, incredibly strong, dumb horse represents the 2 of 4 common worker in Russia. The two surrounding farms represent two of the countries on the global stage with Russia at the time, Germany and England. Orwell begins his book by criticizing the capitalists and ruling elite, who are represented in Animal Farm by Mr. Jones, the farmer. He is shown as a negligent drunk, who constantly starved his animals. His character is already established as self-indulgent and uncaring. (King, 8) Orwell shows us how, if only animals became aware of their strength, we should have no power over them, and that men exploit animals in much the same way as the rich exploit the proletariat. (Gardner, 97) What was established in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution was not true communism (animalism), which Orwell approved of, where the people owned all the factories and land. Rather, state communism was established, where a central government owned them. Orwell thought that such a political system, state communism, was open to exploitation by its leaders. Napoleon, after gaining complete control, did anything he wished reserved the best for the pigs, and treated the other animals cruelly. The animals coul d not do anything, unless they again realized their strength in numbers against their own kind. Unfortunately, they were too stupid to realize this and accepted the status quo. It began when the milk and apples were appropriated to the pigs, and continued to when the pigs could drink and sleep on beds, until finally the pigs were the human masters to the rest of the animals. Orwell criticized Germany, representing it as Pinchfield Farm, which betrayed Animal Farm by paying for lumber with counterfeit money. In real life, this represents the Soviet-Germany

Bridget Riley and Victor Vasarely essays

Bridget Riley and Victor Vasarely essays Bridget Riley was an English painter, she painted abstract shapes that looked like optical illusions when you looked at them, and these were known as "Op Art. In the Early 1950s she went to Goldsmiths College and the Royal College of Art. She became famous by doing lots of black and white paintings in the 196Os that included paint lines of pure colors, which changed the brightness of the individual colors. During the 1970s, Riley's range of colors started to include both black and white. Despite her paintings being mainly abstract, Riley's works were intended to remind her of her own visual experience of the world Victor Vasarely studied in Budapest at the Podolini-Volkmann Academy, then at a school of graphic arts. Victors work though out the 1930s consisted of designing posters, he liked to use effects of graphic patterns and space illusions, which concentrated mainly on painting. His first exhibition contained many different patterns such as zebras and chessboards. In the late 1940s Victor focused on paint geometric abstraction that promoted Op Art in the 1950s with compositions based on different kinds of patterns. ...

Adam as the Hero of Paradise Lost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adam as the Hero of Paradise Lost - Essay Example It is a mistake to suppose that he could ever have been intended for the popular personification of evil’ (Shelley). This view of Satan is debatable and needs to be discussed in detail. Satan has remained the most dynamic character of the epic but Adam personifies the values and traits that far exceed that of Satan who needs to plot against him to remain in good books of God in the Paradise. Satan is portrayed as a headstrong, confident and brave person but his vanity about his own powerful stature and his ambition to become God brings about his downfall. He challenges the God’s son ascendancy and incites other angels ‘[B]y what best way†¦Whether of open war or covert guile,/We now debate; who can advise, may speak’ (ll. 40-42). In fact, Satan’s character is highly anti-hero primarily because despite having commendable personality and traits, his failure to cash on his good qualities is frequently displayed through his shrewd planning and deceit. He uses subterfuge and tempts Eve with apple so that Adam can also commit the action that would make him fall from God’s grace. Satan’s continued revolt against God’s decision is highly critical aspect of Satan’s character and reveals his flaws that promote chaos and therefore, do not let him become the hero of the epic. ‘Th’ Infernal Serpent; he it was whose guile / Stirred up with envy and revenge, deceived / The mother of mankind, what time his pride / Of rebel angels, by whose aid aspiring / To set himself in glory above his peers / He trusted to have equaled the Most High’ (I. 35-40). The cunning and ambiguity of character diminish his more heroic traits. Satan is also shown to possess vanity and would rather prefer hell to heaven if he can be a ruler there! ‘Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven’ (Book I, l. 263). Despite his bitterness, he accepts hell so that he could remain in the commanding position. His ego and his ambitious goal to become the heir of God encourage

Mutations of Drosophila Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mutations of Drosophila - Lab Report Example Life cycle of drosophila, from the egg stage to adult stage lasts for ten days at room temperature. Eggs are laid and hatched into first instars larvae. The larvae feed voraciously on the culture medium provided, and undergo several instars stages and finally the third instars larvae crawls up the sides of the bottle away from the culture medium. At this stage they stop and their larval cuticle hardens to form a dark brown pupa. Metamorphosis then takes place during this pupal stage, and larvae tissues disintegrate and restructure to form an adult fly within the pupal case. Adult fly thereafter emerge from the pupal case immediately the metamorphosis stage is completed. Wings then expand and dry up, the abdomen becomes curved while the body color becomes darker. Distinctions between male drosophila from female drosophila i. The male drosophila has a small, densely packed tuft of bristles called sex comb on the first pair of appendages, and a fringe of black bristle on the forelegs ii. Tips of the abdomen are elongated and somehow pointed in female drosophila and more rounded in male drosophila. iii. Abdomen of the female drosophila has many segments (7 in number), as compared to male drosophila with only five (5) segments. In this case study, the normal fly was categorized as a wild type while the other type of fly exhibiting a phenotypic mutation was categorized as mutants. Mutants were given names that denoted the type of mutation the fly exhibits. For instance, the mutant ebony had a much darker body than the wild type fly. Construction of a chromosome map in Drosophila A chromosome map was constructed form three breeding results using testcrosses that involved flies heterozygous at more than one locus, and taking into account the frequencies of crossover between the loci. Three loci on the second chromosome, an auto some, was chosen to for this experiment for the effect of body color, wing size, and eye color. Each locus had a wild type and mutant allele whose traits were as listed on the table below: Characteristic Chromosome Genes Body Color X Y = yellow body W= white eye V = vermilion (bright orange-red eye) M = miniature wings (wings go only to tip of abdomen) B = bar eyes (Semi-dominant in fem ale) narrow eye plus some double x-chromosomes mutants Wing shape 2 Ap = apterous (wingless) Dp = bumpy wings Vg = vestigial wings Bw = brown eye (dark red eye) Eye Color 3 Se = sepia eye (dark red eye) E = ebony body (dark body) Cross 1 Punnett square F1s CnBw Cnbw cnBw cnbw CnBw CnCn, BwBw CnCn, Bwbw Cncn, BwBw Cncn, Bwbw Cnbw CnCn, Bwbw CnCn, bwbw Cncn, BwBw Cncn, bwbw cnBw Cncn, BwBw Cncn, Bwbw cncn, BwBw cncn, Bwbw cnbw Cncn, Bwbw Cncn, bwbw cncn, Bwbw cncn, bwbw From the table above, a di-hybrid cross of each of the F1 parents produced four different gamete types contributing to 16 (4x4) possible offspring combinations. Because of the two different traits shown in the table above, there is complete dominance and separate independent of each other, and the expected genotypic and phenotypic rations from this analysis calculated is to be 9:3:3:1. It was examined that the inheritance of eyes color and wing shape by crossing two pure breeding straits of Drosophila melanogastern. Ph enotypes of the progeny are as shown below: Phenotypes Number of progeny Males Females Total Brown eyes 46 29 75 Red eyes 29 10 39 Orange eyes 18 7 25 139 Cross 2 DpX^wm DpX^wm dpX^wm dpX^wm DpX^wm DpDp,X^wmX^wm DpDp,X^wmX^wm Dpdp,X^wmX^wm Dpdp,X^wmX^wm DpY DpDp, X^wmY DpDp,X^wmY Dpdp, X^wmY Dpdp, X^wmY dpX^wm Dpdp,X^wmX^wm Dpdp,X^wmX^wm dpdp, X^wmX^wm dpdp,X^wmX^wm dpY Dpdp, X^wmY Dpdp

Consumer law in england and wales Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Consumer law in england and wales - Article Example Accordingly, in this paper I shall adopt a focused approach and particularly consider the e-commerce driven consumer measures and their concomitant impact on consumer law in England and Wales. The rapid pace of online business activity has fuelled piecemeal responsive legislative measures in an attempt to balance the interests and protection of consumers whilst simultaneously facilitating market growth. It is submitted at the outset, that ad hoc responsive EU legislative measures have been insufficient to cover the multifarious consumer transactions covered by the "e-commerce" umbrella. Moreover, the underlying weakness in such measures has been the fact that effective online business is clearly dependent on effective consumer protection as opposed to being mutually exclusive. If we consider this contextually, within England and Wales the primary issue impacting consumer protection under the e-commerce paradigm has been effective consumer protection vis-'-vis optimum market facilitation. ... Additionally, in order to commercially exploit the new e-commerce business model, the key to growing a successful online business is to ensure compliance with legal requirements regarding the selling of goods and services to consumers, work with reliable internet service providers and programmers and utilise effective marketing tools to promote business (Alexiou, 2002). As such, the central consumer protection legal issues raised by this are as follows: 1) The use of online terms and conditions - Standard commercial agreements need to consider the protection against unfair commercial practices and unfair contract terms (Singleton, 2003). Moreover, consumer contracting on online terms and conditions raises jurisdiction and applicable law issues; and 2) Data protection compliance needs to be addressed both in respect of collecting information on online users, selling customer lists and monitoring e-mail and viral marketing. Businesses must be registered with the Information Commissioner for processing and implement an online privacy policy and marketing and detailed internal policies on employee monitoring (Smith, 2001). Furthermore, the e-commerce business model involves the provision of goods and services online in the course of business to consumers at a distance and as such, raises issues as to applicable law and enforceability, which is further compounded by borderless frontiers in enforcement (Smith, 2001). The global nature of transacting online has fuelled a number of international e-commerce initiatives (Lloyd 2004). However, the rhetoric of these proposed models focus solely on the regulatory aspect of e-commerce, which is arguably one element of wider issues raised by e-commerce from a

Government Strategies to Control Inflation

Government Strategies to Control Inflation With reference to the UK, examine and discuss the methods open to a government to control the rate of inflation within an economy. Introduction Inflation refers to an increase in the price level of goods and services in a given economy. Since inflation is concerned with increases in the cost of living rather than increases in the cost of a particular good, it is measured using a price index which monitors the price of a weighted ‘basket’ of goods. In the UK, the main price indices are the Retail Price Index (RPI), the Retail Price Index excluding Mortgage Interest Payments (RPIX) and the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Responsibility for the control of inflation was handed from the Treasury to the Bank of England in 1997 at which time the RPIX was used to measure inflation and the inflation target was set at 2.5%. Since December 2003, the CPI has replaced the RPIX as the main inflation measure and the target has been set at 2%. Diagram 1 (below) depicts annual inflation rates in the UK from 1997 to 2007 as measured by both the RPIX and the CPI. This essay will first outline the main theories put forward to explain the causes of inflation and the methods that each theory suggests would control inflation. The next section considers inflation in the UK from 1997 to date, and then evaluates the measures employed by the Bank of England in order to try to control inflation in that period. Causes of inflation and methods of inflation control There are two main schools of thought on the causes of inflation. The Keynesian school posits that changes in the real supply of or demand for goods and services are the key causes of inflation. Thus in order to reduce inflation, an expansion in supply or a contraction in demand is necessary to reduce the price level. This can be achieved through fiscal or monetary policy or a combination of the two. Fiscal policy such as an increase in income tax rates, has the effect of reducing effective demand for goods and services and thus can be used to lower inflation. Furthermore, a reduction in sales taxes (VAT in the UK) can reduce inflation to the extent that that inflation is caused by an increase in consumer prices. Monetary policy, through an increase in interest rates, can reduce aggregate demand through discouraging borrowing, increasing saving and reducing the disposable income of homeowners as the cost of mortgage repayments increases. The monetarists, on the other hand, argue that inflation is caused primarily by changes in the supply of and demand for money. In this view, then, inflation can be reduced either by reducing the supply of, or increasing the demand for, money. Given that either the government or the central bank (as in the case of the UK where the Bank of England has had independence on monetary policy since 1997) sets the price of money (i.e. the interest rate), they are able to control the supply of and demand for money. This suggests that fiscal policy can be used to affect aggregate supply and aggregate demand while monetary policy can be used to affect aggregate demand (particular in an economy with a high level of mortgaged home-ownership) and the supply of and demand for money. Inflation in the UK and Bank of England control measures from 1997 to 2008 The diagram above shows UK inflation (as measured by RPIX and CPI) from 1997 to 2008 together with the inflation targets set for the Bank of England by the government. This shows that from 1997 to 2003, inflation was held within 0.5% of its target. In 2004, inflation as measured by its (then new) CPI target was on the low side but from 2005 to 2007, it was within a healthy 0.5% range of target. In recent months, however, inflation has been climbing and is predicted to go over 3% at some point before the end of 2008. In order to understand inflation and inflation control in the UK, it is necessary to understand some of the specificities of the UK economy. In the first place, the nature of the UK housing market (which is characterized by high loan-to-value ratios, relatively few long-term fixed rate mortgages, and ease of re-mortgaging) makes house prices particularly responsive to interest rates. Cameron (2005:3) explains that ‘a one percentage point rise in the short-term real interest rate would reduce house prices over a five year period by 2.6% in the UK, 1.8% in the US, and 1.3% in Germany.’ Furthermore, in the UK, house prices have a major impact on consumer spending. Cameron (2005:3) explains that house prices are more volatile in the UK than elsewhere in the developed world, and that the impact of house prices on consumer spending is also particularly heavy in the UK – according to the OECD, a 1% fall in UK housing wealth correlates with a 0.07% fall in consumer spendi ng. This can be seen as due to the high levels of home ownership and the high loan-to-value ratios of mortgages. This demonstrates that while monetary policy can be very effective in reducing aggregate demand via just a small increase in interest rates, the converse is also true – in other words, a small reduction in interest rates will have a significant effect on aggregate demand and so will lead to a significant increase in inflation. This last point is well illustrated by the current situation in the UK. The Bank of England is mandated to control inflation (as mentioned previously the target is 2% as measured by the CPI) but has control only over monetary policy and not over fiscal policy. Monetary policy impacts economic growth as well as inflation and therefore when the economy is slowing (as is currently the case) and potentially heading towards recession, interest rates may be used to stimulate growth even if this may also increase inflation to an unacceptable level (when it goes over 3% the governor of the Bank of England must write an explanatory letter to the Chancellor of the Exchequer). As the Economist (2008:38) explains, in January of this year, ‘consumer prices were 2.2% higher than a year ago—a bit above the governments 2.0% inflation target. The banks central forecast shows inflation heading up to 3% by the third quarter of this year.’ The Bank of England (2008) itself certainly blames the predicted escalation of inflation over the acceptable 3% level on the problem of balancing growth objectives with inflation targets given that monetary policy is the only tool at its disposal, claiming that the ‘combination of slow growth and above-target inflation poses substantial challenges for policy.’ Conclusion The Bank of England (2008) explains that ‘higher energy, food and import prices push inflation up sharply in the near term.’ This is echoed by analysis in the Economist (2008:38) which claims that increasing ‘home-energy bills, which have jumped by nearly 15% so far this year, will add almost half a percentage point to consumer-price inflation in February. Food-price inflation, which is currently 6.6%, is likely to rise further. Import prices will be pushed up by a weaker pound, whose 6% fall in the last three months was the biggest since sterlings ignominious exit from the European exchange-rate mechanism in 1992.’ In order to address this kind of inflation without stifling economic growth at a time when growth is already slowing, policies need to be directed at aggregate supply of goods and services. As was outlined above, monetary policies have an impact on the supply and demand for money and also on aggregate demand for goods and services. However, only fiscal policy impacts the aggregate supply of services. Thus in the context of low levels of growth and high levels of inflation, monetary policy (as controlled by the Bank of England) is not sufficient because if it focuses on controlling inflation it cannot also reverse the slowdown in economic growth, and if it focuses on economic growth, there is a danger that inflation will get out of control. Thus inflation controls should draw on a combination of fiscal and monetary policy. References Bank of England (2008) ‘Overview of the Inflation Report February 2008’ (downloaded from http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/inflationreport/infrep.htm on 4 March 2008) Cameron, G. (2005) ‘The UK Housing Market: Economic Review’ (downloaded from http://hicks.nuff.ox.ac.uk/users/cameron/papers/ukhousingmarket.pdf on 4 March 2008) Economist (2008) ‘Economic woes: Fighting on two fronts: Britain’s central bank gets gloomier about growth and inflation’ in The Economist, February 16th-22nd 2008, p.38 OECD (2005) ‘Economic Survey of the United Kingdom, 2005 (downloaded from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/34/35473312.pdf on 4 March 2008) Office for National Statistics (2008a) ‘RP07 RPI all items excluding Mortgage Interest Payments (RPIX) percentage change over 12 months (CDKQ)’ (downloaded from http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RPIX.pdf on 4 March 2008) Office for National Statistics (2008b) ‘CPI12 CPI all items percentage change over 12 months (D7G7)’ (downloaded from http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/CPI.pdf on 4 March 2008)

Essay --

Theresa Manganiello December 17, 2013 Osmosis Lab report Bio Honors (Yellow) Creating a Semi-Permeable membrane 1. Define osmosis. The diffusion of water through selectively permeable membranes 2. What is a semi-permeable membrane? â€Å"A semipermeable membrane, also termed a selectively permeable membrane, a partially permeable membrane or a differentially permeable membrane, is a membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion and occasionally specialized "facilitated diffusion". â€Å" 3. What is dialysis tubing? Dialysis tubing is a type of semi-permeable membrane tubing made from regenerated cellulose or cellophane. It can be used for diffusion with solutes or osmosis if used with water only. 4. What molecules are able to pass through the dialysis tubing? Unable to pass through the dialysis tubing? Selective permeability of dialysis tubing shows ions and molecules can pass through the dialysis tubing. Dialysis tubing is not permeable to starch because starch is too large.. 5. What is distilled water? Distilled water is water that has been purified through a process of heating and cooling. 6. What is the common name for sucrose? Draw a molecule of sucrose. Table Sugar 7. Develop your hypothesis with your lab partner I think that the more time each bag is given, the heavier it will get. So my hypothesis is: In this lab, the bags with sucrose and unknown solution will be heavier than the bags with water, and as time goes on the bags with sucrose will have more mass than the others. Hypothesis In this lab, the bags with sucrose and unknown solution will be heavier than the bags with water, and as time goes on the bags with sucrose will have more mass than the others. Materials - 6 pieces of 15... ...because it reacted in the same way in which the sucrose did. In this lab, I created a model, and observed the model of a semi permeable cell membrane. I thought that the bags with sucrose and unknown solution will be heavier than the bags with water, and as time goes on the bags with sucrose will have more mass than the others. I was able to accept my hypothesis, and prove it true through the lab. Bag one basically stayed the same, and five and six went down. Bags 2-4 all increased drastically in mass, proving my hypothesis. This lab mirrors what some scientists do every day, whether it be creating models, or studying cells. No matter where we go, science will always be with us. Work cited "Animation: How Osmosis Works." Animation: How Osmosis Works. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2013. "Learning By Osmosis." Something to Shout About. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2013.

Cause and Effect of School Bullying Essay

In today’s society bullying is playing a big roll in schools. A ratio of 1:3 student have committed suicide or committed some kind of crime due to the act of being bullied. The kids who are being bullied are not only victims but the kids who are doing the bullying are victims also. If they are bullying they are having some type of problems at home. Not only that they have insecurities issues of some kind. This sometimes causes them to pick on people that have lower self-esteem issues than they have. Maybe this kids is overweight or maybe they wear glasses or even sometime they pick on people now a days from having slight mental illnesses. Bullying don’t always affect the kid it also affects the family. But it doesn’t always end in bad things in cases such as mines. On a personal note being a victim of bullying’ it did give me self-esteem issues. But those self-esteem issues became much bigger then my problems and I overcame them. I was bullied all throughout elementary, middle, and high school but only in the 9th grade. They talked about my legs, they talked about my chest, they talked about my teeth, pretty much anything they can talk about on me it was done. Was even just picked on and told that I was an ugly little girl. It had me down but when maturity hit for me those same guys and girls started to like me more. The biggest tease of them all was having short hair. It only encouraged me more to bring out my true beauty. So like said before bullying has cause me to be more open about everything even my sexuality which back then I was teased about but now I embrace being a lesbian. I think that only strong minded people can actually do some of the things I have done after being bullied. Now today I have grown beautifully and very successful if I must say. My past may hinder me a slight bit but there are still methods of me overcoming them. Based on my research if a student is lacking any types of family support, the effects can be more devastating. In some cases some kids that are affects by any type of traumatic events may disassociate themselves from the traumatic situation and absorb themselves in bad behavior. Sometimes they think that this negative attention is a good thing to help secure themselves. Something like when most kids mis-behave when their parents get divorces (Zigler, 2002). The only way they can cope is by doing wrong. Many kids who are affected by bullying can have their develop mental processes and some part of their brain affected by the events. In a recent survey of 1. 965 students between 7th and 12 grade 48% have reported being harassed in some kind of way by other students. (Anderson, 2011)

Free Essays on Animal Farm 2

Animal Farm 2 The British author George Orwell, pen name for Eric Blair, achieved prominence in the late 1940's as the author of two brilliant satires. He wrote documentaries, essays, and criticism during the 1930's and later established himself as one of the most important and influential voices of the century. Eric Arthur Blair (later George Orwell) was born in 1903 in the Indian Village Motihari, which lies near to the border of Nepal. At that time India was a part of the British Empire, and Blair's father Richard, held a post as an agent in the Opium Department of the Indian Civil Service. Blair's paternal grandfather, too, had been part of the British Raj, and had served in the Indian Army. Eric's mother, Ida Mabel Blair, the daughter of a French tradesman, was about eighteen years younger than her husband Richard Blair was. Eric had an elder sister called Marjorie. The Blairs led a relatively privileged and fairly pleasant existence, in helping to administer the Empire. Although the Blair family was not very wealthy, Orwell later described them ironically as "lower-upper-middle class (Gross, p.109)." They owned no property and had no extensive investments; they were like many middle-class English families of the time, totally dependent on the British Empire for their livelihoo! d and prospects. Even though the father continued to work in India until he retired in 1912, in 1907, the family returned to England and lived at Henley. With some difficulty, Blair's parents sent their son to a private preparatory school in Sussex at the age of eight. At the age of thirteen, he won a scholarship to Wellington, and soon after another to Eaton, the famous public school (Gross, p.112). His parents had forced him to work at a dreary preparatory school, and now after winning the scholarship, he was not any more interested in further mental exertion unrelated to his private ambition. ^At the beginning of Why... Free Essays on Animal Farm 2 Free Essays on Animal Farm 2 Animal Farm 2 The British author George Orwell, pen name for Eric Blair, achieved prominence in the late 1940's as the author of two brilliant satires. He wrote documentaries, essays, and criticism during the 1930's and later established himself as one of the most important and influential voices of the century. Eric Arthur Blair (later George Orwell) was born in 1903 in the Indian Village Motihari, which lies near to the border of Nepal. At that time India was a part of the British Empire, and Blair's father Richard, held a post as an agent in the Opium Department of the Indian Civil Service. Blair's paternal grandfather, too, had been part of the British Raj, and had served in the Indian Army. Eric's mother, Ida Mabel Blair, the daughter of a French tradesman, was about eighteen years younger than her husband Richard Blair was. Eric had an elder sister called Marjorie. The Blairs led a relatively privileged and fairly pleasant existence, in helping to administer the Empire. Although the Blair family was not very wealthy, Orwell later described them ironically as "lower-upper-middle class (Gross, p.109)." They owned no property and had no extensive investments; they were like many middle-class English families of the time, totally dependent on the British Empire for their livelihoo! d and prospects. Even though the father continued to work in India until he retired in 1912, in 1907, the family returned to England and lived at Henley. With some difficulty, Blair's parents sent their son to a private preparatory school in Sussex at the age of eight. At the age of thirteen, he won a scholarship to Wellington, and soon after another to Eaton, the famous public school (Gross, p.112). His parents had forced him to work at a dreary preparatory school, and now after winning the scholarship, he was not any more interested in further mental exertion unrelated to his private ambition. ^At the beginning of Why...

Fashion Designer Andrew Couregges essays

Fashion Designer Andrew Couregges essays The 1960s brought jet travel, The Beatles and the first moon landing. This new futuristic, youth-like mentality did away with the constraint of the 50s housewife. A sudden shift took place in the 60s towards being youth oriented. This sudden up raw started in London and is also known as the youth quake. The days of tightly boned silhouettes and high stiletto heels were banished by the innovative designs of Andre Courreges. Courreges designs proved to be his response to the coming way of life and sexual revolution. Born March 9th, 1923 in Pau, Pyrenees Atlantiques, and Courreges studied engineering at Ecole des Pont et Chaussees in Paris. Later on he worked as a chief cutter for Cristobal Balenciaga from 1950 to 1961. After working 10 years at the house of Balenciaga Courreges left with his wife as well as ex-Balenciaga employee, Coqeline to start his own business. Courreges believed that the fashion being made for women wasnt really practical. Courreges saw the male wardrobe as more logical and practical than a womans because of its unadorned and reductionist nature, resulting from its being pared down to the barest essentials over the passage of time. Courreges designs were a reflection of his engineering past as well has the skills he learned and perfected at Balenciaga. As a result he reinvented a new look of feminity, ironically quit the opposite that of Balenciaga. 1 Unlike the fashion of Balenciaga, Courreges used his cutting skills to free rather tan contain the body. He emphasized his theory by creating short trapeze skirts that showed extra movement and pairing the outfits with a flat shoe. A flat shoe makes women walk in a particular way, from the thigh and hip rather than the leg, moving the whole of the lower limb like a dancer.2 Courreges envisioned the movement of a womans body differently than any other...

Managing People in Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing People in Organisations - Essay Example Managers should therefore be professional enough in trying to come up with the best style or a blend of styles that best suit their organisations in order to ensure that they achieve the underlying goals and objectives. Attention in the recent decades has been heavily laid on the field of leadership and the basic reason for this is to come up with the various impacts that a management or leadership style can positively impact the overall organisational performance. Effective leadership by many is taken to be the driving force of success for an organisation. Lack of this king of leadership proves detrimental and for this reason there are various leadership styles that shall be highlighted in this paper that are most common and whose use can either bring down or raise an organisation to prosperity depending on the particular organisational context (Northouse and Northouse 2009). These styles will assist in explaining how leadership styles can impact on organisation performance. There a huge link that exists between the leadership style and the organisational performance as highlighted above. In looking at this relationship it is important to appreciate that the first major aspect is that of practice. In the world today there increasingly high competition that managers are facing and this has bred rivalry that is based on innovation and dynamism in dealing with competitors (Koene et al. 2002). Therefore, the behaviour exhibited by a manager or leader is crucial in steering the organisation through this kind of competitive atmosphere that is full of challenges while trying to cope with the possible occurrence of diminishing returns. This also shows how important leadership can be in making an organisation take a competitive advantage over its rivals, enhance profitability and general organisational improvement. Organisational settings in many instances dictate the

Whether or not legislation should legalize marijuana for personal use Essay - 1

Whether or not legislation should legalize marijuana for personal use in Arizona - Essay Example Demands of making marijuana legal and authorized are against the health majors and ways to safeguard the physical wellness. By making the marijuana legal, the price will get declined terribly resulting in greater use of the drug. Altered state, the RAND Corporation has made a report that determined the possible outcomes in case of making the marijuana legal (RAND, 2012). According to the report, the cost of marijuana will crash rapidly that will ultimately force the addictives to consume it in greater quantity. It is the illicit nature of the drugs that has kept the prices of drugs to a higher slot. The use of drug is highly dependable on the availability of money, for the young children it is a good factor to make them away from the drug by remaining it non-affordable. The consumption of the items that have been declared as illegal such as tobacco and alcohol has left behind the marijuana use (Lowinson 1393). Thus, giving a clear signal that making things legal can enhance the availability and it gets acceptable by the majority. It can be clearly evident in the case of highly restricted prescription drugs like oxycontin, the drug became far more easily reachable then before resulting in inappropriate use. Although, the high restrictiveness was there to prevent all such acts. The revenue generated by the tax could be counterbalance by the social costs these legalize products put on the society. The social cost of alcohol and tobacco is much greater than the tax and other revenue it produce. In 2007, the tax collected by the federal excise was determined to be as $9 billion; however, only $5.5 billion was collected. On the other hand, $185 billion was the total social cost resulted from the alcohol and tobacco regarding health problems, criminal cases, lack of potency at workspace and other issues (The White House, 2013). The collected tax

Computer Systems Security Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computer Systems Security - Term Paper Example This document proposes how paperwork in Kingswood, Inc. can be replaced by an automated system. The document aims to examine the security mechanisms incorporated to ensure managers, coordinators and volunteers benefit from an automated system. This document includes methods of collecting data, costs and schedule for completion of the evaluation and qualification. Problem Statement Storage of information is handled at both the finance and administration departments. This is done in spring files and counter books (Kush, 2003). These are the departments that the proposed system aims to help and address its issues. The proposal aims in helping the Hospice manage its data better as it fulfills its core mandate. Patients’ accommodation Information is the main operation handled by Kingswood, Inc. The proposed automated system aims to ensure that the management workflow goes well as it seeks to ensure fewer repetitions and reduced time in processing of information (Baugh, Sue, & Rober t, 1995). Objectives The proposed system exhibits the following objectives: 1. Ensuring that its patient data is handled with confidentiality and absolute consistency. 2. Improve the general coordination within the entire hospice team and offices through storage of information in a common database. 3. ... 6. The automated system aims in dealing with the security needs of the entire Kingswood, Inc. management. This would be achieved through equipping the computers with encrypted passwords, and having backup data in case of a fire. 7. Being able to search, sort and delete information quickly and in an organized way. Technology used Distributed System Technologies Distributed objects would be used in the context of communications between systems within the facility as well as exchanging data within the external branches. Use of XML tools would allow companies to try and give orders through customized web interfaces. Service Oriented Architectures would be used with the purpose of going paperless. Therefore, Kingswood, Inc. communication with other systems running on any possible stage would be enhanced. The LAN Network Topology The four facilities and central office establish the need for five LAN setup. Each of the facility will be have an internet Service provider to provide them with an internet connection, having each a centralized hub or router at each location for easier management of all systems. In order to support portability in notebook laptops, the hub will support IEEE 802.11g wireless standards. The D- Link Wireless Router fits this need with several ports, up to five, being $70. Using Wi-Fi router as a central access point for each area reduces the number of failure points to the internet connection. Social Media Social media employ web and mobile based forms of technology to support interactive dialogue. It takes many different forms including magazines, internet, social blogs, social networks, wikis, podcasts and many others. Mobile Social Media This media can be used on mobile devices. In comparison to the past traditional media,

Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives in India Essay Example for Free

Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives in India Essay 1. Company Background †¢ Coke – A sweet carbonated drink containing caramel and other flavoring components †¢ Invented in 1886 by Dr. J.S. Pemberton †¢ Contained extracts of Coca leaves and Kola nuts †¢ Business sold in 1888 to business men †¢ Candler acquired competitors and promoted Coca-Cola → Rapid sales increase since 1895 †¢ In 1894 J.A. Biedenharn invented selling the prepared drink in bottles 2. Company Background (continued)†¢ In 1919 a group of investors bought Coca Cola for around $25 million†¢ Robert Woodruff turned the company into what it is now:†¢ One of the worlds most recognized brands and a MNE with huge profits†¢ 1993, Coca Cola entered India through a strategic alliance with Parle Exports †¢ By now, it offers a portfolio of world class quality beverages, extending through over 400 brands 3. SWOT Analysis Strenghts†¢ Strong brand-name†¢ Global distribution system†¢ High-profile global presence†¢ Low cost of operation†¢ Broad-based bottling strategy†¢ High market share 4. SWOT Analysis Strenghts Weaknesses†¢ Strong brand-name †¢ Carbonates market is in decline†¢ Global distribution system †¢ Existing distribution system is less efficient for non-carbonates†¢ High-profile global presence †¢ Health care issues†¢ Low cost of operation†¢ Broad-based bottling strategy†¢ High market share 5. SWOT Analysis Strenghts Weaknesses †¢ Strong brand-name †¢ Carbonates market is in decline†¢ Global distribution system †¢ Existing distribution system is less efficient for non-carbonates†¢ High-profile global presence †¢ Health care issues†¢ Low cost of operation†¢ Broad-based bottling strategy†¢ High market shareOpportunities†¢ Expansion†¢ Use distribution strengths†¢ Large domestic market (India)†¢ Increasing average income in India 6. SWOT Analysis Strenghts Weaknesses†¢ Strong brand-name †¢ Carbonates market is in decline†¢ Global distribution system †¢ Existing distribution system is less efficient for non-carbonates†¢ High-profile global presence †¢ Health care issues†¢ Low cost of operation†¢ Broad-based bottling strategy†¢ High market share ThreatsOpportunities †¢ Competition from health drinks†¢ Expansion †¢ Competition from Pepsi†¢ Use distribution strengths †¢ Boycott in the Middle-East†¢ Large domestic market (India) †¢ Government regulations on Increasing average income in India production (license)†¢ 7. Coca-Cola India CSR Initiatives Focus on Environment Responsibility 8. WaterMethods†¢ Watershed Protection Community Watershed Partnership (CWP) (2005)†¢ Rainwater Harvesting Projects Kaladera plant in Rajasthan (2006) †¢ Educating Jal Tarang (a part of World Water Day) (2007) â€Å"Think Green, Go Green† Campaign (2007) Film (2007) 9. Water (continued)Achievements1. Reduced water consumption by 35% between 1999 to 20061. Reached zero water balance (2009)1. Returned all water in manufacturing processes (2010)2. Improved the livelihoods of Bottom of the Pyramid populations (BOP) (poor farmers) 10. WaterGoal: Reduce the emission of GHGs (especially HFCs and CO2) Methods 1. eKOfreshment Cooler Program (2000) 1. Converted old equipment to HFC-free fridges (2006) 2. Installed over 8500 units of HFC-free equipment (2007) 3. esKO Project (2007) 4. Enhanced energy efficiency 5. Developed Energy Management System (EMS) (2006) 11. Energy New Coke: Isdell wants to reduce Coca-Colas carbon footprint. E. Neville Isdell, CEO 12. Energy (continued)Achievements 1. GHGs emission reduces by 75% (2006) 2. Reduced energy consumption by 640 million kilowatt-hours, which equals to 3 million metric tons 3. Increased the energy efficiency of equipment by 40 to 50% 13. FuelCoca-Cola had local operations for production, bottling, and delivery in each country of operation. Take Taiwan for example: SWIRE Coca-Cola Taiwan LTD. and its factories are in No.46, Singbang RD., Taoyuan County. 14. Packaging + Recycling †¢ Focus on 3R (Reduction, Recovery, Reuse) †¢ PET Recycling Project in Mumbai (2005) †¢ â€Å"Abhiyan – The Movement†, a film on PET recycling Methods †¢ e3 Program †¢ Redesigned trademarked bottles †¢ Invested millions of dollars on collecting and recovering packaging materials used for beverages 15. Packaging + Recycling (continued)Achievements 1. Raised the income of about 100 PET crusaders by 50% 1. Recycled nearly 80% of the PET waste (2006) 2. Redesigning of bottles saved 89000 metric tons of glass (2006) 3. Most of the packaging material was 100% recyclable 16. Depletion of Water Table Coca-Cola India depleted groundwater tables and overexploited the groundwater reserves, leaving the local communities with no access to drinking water and water for farming which was their primary source of income! 17. Depletion of Water Table (continued)Data collected by the government agency the Ground WaterBoard showed that groundwater level had dropped in the firsts even years of the company‟s operation. †¢ A sharp drop in groundwater levels in Mehdiganj near the city of Varanasi. †¢ Groundwater levels in Kala Dera have continued spiraling downwards. 18. Depletion of Water Table (continued) One report, in the daily newspaper Mathrubhumi, described local women having to travel five kilometers to obtain drinkable water, during which time soft drinks would come out of the Coca-Cola plant by the truckload. 19. Depletion of Water Table (continued) â€Å"Coca-Cola sucks India dry.† 20. Supplied Sludge to Farmersas Fertilizer Coca-Cola had seized land from farmers and discharged hazardous material and sludge in the areas surrounding its plants in India. In a goodwill gesture, Coca-Cola was distributing the solid waste from its bottling plants to farmers in the area as fertilizer!! 21. Supplied Sludge to Farmersas Fertilizer (continued) The Central Pollution Control Board of India found in 2003 that sludge from Coca-Cola‟s Uttar Pradesh factory in Mehdiganj was contaminated with high levels of cadmium (up to 86mg/kg), lead (up to 538mg/kg), and chromium (up to 134mg/kg), effectively making the solid waste toxic. 22. Supplied Sludge to Farmers as Fertilizer (continued)Cadmium is a Lead iscarcinogen particularly and can dangerous to children and the accumulate in results of the kidneys, exposure can be with repeated fatal. Even at low exposure levels it can possibly cause mentalcausing retardation and kidney failure. severe anaemia. 23. Supplied Sludge to Farmers as Fertilizer (continued)When confronted by BBC reporters†¦ â€Å"Its good for the farmers because most of them are poor.† Coca-Colas Vice-President 24. Supplied Sludge to Farmers as Fertilizer (continued)When confronted by BBC reporters†¦ â€Å"Its good for the farmers because most of them are poor.† The Coca-Cola company was ordered to stop the practice by the government Coca-Colas Vice-President authorities immediately. 25. Supplied Sludge to Farmers as Fertilizer (continued) The bottling facilities at Kala Dera also reported that the groundwater contained pesticides. 26. Liquid waste from the Coca-Cola bottling plant at Balia 27. Banner at Coca-Cola Museum Major Protest Demands Coca-Cola Shut Down Plant March 31, 2008. 28. Coca-Cola India’s Response Coca-Cola India’s response to the allegations www.cokefacts.org 29. Coca-Cola India’s Response Coca-Cola India’s response to the allegations www.cokefacts.org Overexploitation of the groundwater reserves Study by National Geophysical Research Institute disapproved these allegations Decreased rainfall by 60% was the cause 30. Coca-Cola India’s Response Coca-Cola India’s response to the allegations www.cokefacts.org Overexploitation of the groundwater reserves Study by National Geophysical Research Institute disapproved these allegations Decreased rainfall by 60% was the cause Release of untreated water by the factory Wastewater management technology is among the most advanced in the world 31. Coca-Cola India’s Response Coca-Cola India’s response to the allegations www.cokefacts.org Overexploitation of the groundwater reserves Study by National Geophysical Research Institute disapproved these allegations Decreased rainfall by 60% was the cause Release of untreated water by the factory Wastewater management technology is among the most advanced in the world Supplied sludge to farmers as fertilizer Sludge is not harmful to the environment 32. AnalysisOf Coca-Cola India’s ResponseCoca Cola was attacked by different institutions 33. AnalysisOf Coca-Cola India’s ResponseCoca Cola was attacked by different institutions Coca Cola had to face image problems in the Indian and American market Consumers would lose trust in the company Loss of reputation as a socially responsible corporate citizen 34. AnalysisOf Coca-Cola India’s ResponseCoca Cola was attacked by different institutions Coca Cola had to face image problems in the Indian and American market Consumers would lose trust in the company Loss of reputation as a socially responsible corporate citizen Coca Cola’s plan: Attack credibility Refuting the allegations and calling them baseless Aggressively stressing their innocence hoping to resolve the issues 35. AnalysisOf Coca-Cola India’s ResponseCoca Cola was attacked by different institutions Coca Cola had to face image problems in the Indian and American market Consumers would lose trust in the company Loss of reputation as a socially responsible corporate citizen Coca Cola’s plan: Attack credibility Refuting the allegations and calling them baseless Aggressively stressing their innocence hoping to resolve the issues Problem: NGOs are very powerful! NGOs have higher credibility in the eyes of the general public 36. AnalysisOf Coca-Cola India’s ResponseCoca Cola was attacked by different institutions Coca Cola had to face image problems in the Indian and American market Consumers would lose trust in the company Loss of reputation as a socially responsible corporate citizen Coca Cola’s plan: Attack credibility Refuting the allegations and calling them baseless Aggressively stressing their innocence hoping to resolve the issues Problem: NGOs are very powerful! NGOs have higher credibility in the eyes of the general public Mistake Acting to fast by attacking and underestimating NGOs power 37. How Coca-Cola India should have respondedThinking and analyzing alternatives 38. How Coca-Cola India should have respondedThinking and analyzing alternatives Alternative 1: Collaboration instead of attack Coca Cola should have collaborated with the NGOs 39. How Coca-Cola India should have respondedThinking and analyzing alternatives Alternative 1: Collaboration instead of attack Coca Cola should have collaborated with the NGOs Alternative 2: Ignore Ignore the allegations and wait till the buzz goes away 40. How Coca-Cola India should have respondedThinking and analyzing alternatives Alternative 1: Collaboration instead of attack Coca Cola should have collaborated with the NGOs Alternative 2: Ignore Ignore the allegations and wait till the buzz goes away Alternative 3: PR Campaign A PR campaign that informs the American public about Coca Cola‟s efforts as responsible corporate citizen 41. How Coca-Cola India should have respondedThinking and analyzing alternatives Alternative 1: Collaboration instead of attack Coca Cola should have collaborated with the NGOs Alternative 2: Ignore Ignore the allegations and wait till the buzz goes away Alternative 3: PR Campaign A PR campaign that informs the American public about Coca Cola‟s efforts as responsible corporate citizen 42. The Plan Solution: Collaboration with NGO and PR Campaign Goal Regain trust and loyalty of customerCapabilities needed Coca Cola and NGO have to collaborateActions NGO has to correct their mistakes publicly NGO has to issue an apology to Coca Cola 43. The Plan Solution: Collaboration with NGO and PR Campaign Goal Rebuild and repair Goal the Coca Cola Regain trust brand name and loyalty of customer Capabilities needed A PR team which will planCapabilities needed and lead the campaign Coca Cola and NGO have to collaborate Actions Organize promotional activitiesActions (including charity work) NGO has to correct their mistakes publicly Hand out free drinks, coupons, vouchers at public events NGO has to issue an apology to Broadcast TV advertisements which Coca Cola show the good side of the company 44. The Plan Solution: Collaboration with NGO and PR Campaign Goal Rebuild and repair Goal the Coca Cola Regain trust brand name and loyalty of customer Capabilities needed A PR team which will planCapabilities needed and lead the campaign Coca Cola and NGO have to collaborate Actions Organize promotional activitiesActions (including charity work) NGO has to correct their mistakes publicly Hand out free drinks, coupons, vouchers at public events NGO has to issue an apology to Broadcast TV advertisements which Coca Cola show the good side of the company 45. What is Greenwashing? â€Å"Coca-Cola attempts to manufacture a green image of itself that it clearly is not, as their practice in India shows. We call this „Greenwashing.‟ † Amit Srivastava 46. Examples of Greenwashing †¢ In 2009, European McDonald’s changed the color of their logos from yellow and red to yellow and green to demonstrate its concern for â€Å"being green.† 47. Examples of Greenwashing †¢ In 2009, European McDonald’s changed the color of their logos from yellow and red to yellow and green to demonstrate its concern for â€Å"being green.† †¢ Comcast, a cable service company, has the slogan of Paper LESS is MORE but it uses large amounts of paper for direct marketing. 48. Examples of Greenwashing †¢ In 2009, European McDonald’s changed the color of their logos from yellow and red to yellow and green to demonstrate its concern for â€Å"being green.† †¢ Comcast, a cable service company, has the slogan of Paper LESS is MORE but it uses large amounts of paper for direct marketing. †¢ The Poland Spring’s bottles is touted as A little natural does a lot of good, although 80% of its beverage containers go to the landfill. 49. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ 50. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ We have implemented many environmental protective initiatives since 2000! 51. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ We have implemented many environmental Those are not enough protective initiatives even to make up for the since 2000! pollution you‟ve made in India! 52. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ We voluntarily initiated The Energy and Resource Institute (TERI) to conduct a survey on ourselves! And the survey shows we‟re doing well! 53. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ We voluntarily initiated The Energy and Resource Institute (TERI) to conduct a survey on ourselves! And the survey shows we‟re doing well! The reliability of the survey is questionable! 54. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ Weve invested US$20million for our water conservation project! 55. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ That‟s just 1 percent of Weve invested Coca Cola‟s annual US$20million for our water advertising budget! conservation project! 56. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ Weve built a lot of rain harvesting sites since 2006 to recharge ground water! 57. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ Weve built a lot of rain harvesting sites since That‟s nothing special. Rain 2006 to recharge harvesting has already ground water! been a common practice in India. 58. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ Weve won many awards for our CSR(Corporation Social Responsibility) initiatives! 59. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?Coca Cola is not Greenwashing Coca Cola is Green washing because†¦ because†¦ Weve won many awards for our CSR(Corporation Conferment of awards may Social Responsibility) not be objective. It can be initiatives! manipulated! 60. Is Coca Cola Greenwashing?2000 2007†¢ Coca-Cola India launched an eKOfreshment cooler that used Coca-Cola India launched a rooftop rainwater harvesting technologies to helped it curb its emission of GHGs initiative at Varanasi, expecting to recharge more than (greenhouse gases) 4,900 cubic meters of groundwater.2005 Coca-Cola India launched oa rainwater harvesting project†¢ Coca-Cola India initiated a PET recycling project in Mumbai. at Greater Kailash, in New Delhi, which aimed to recharge around 4 million liters of water every year.2006 Coca-Cola India establishment 10 rainwater harvesting †¢ In 2006, the company completed a rainwater recharge projects in different schools of Jamshedpur city. initiative at its Kaladera plant in Rajasthan. As part of the Coca Cola announced a three-year, US$ 20 million project, the company built around 110 recharge shafts that partnership with the World Wildlife Fund63 (WWF) on collected rainwater. water conservation†¢ Coca-Cola India called, ‘Abhiyan — The Movement’. The film Coca-Cola India organized a program, â€Å"Think Green, Go focused on the need for and significance of recycling PET Green† that focused on environment education. bottles. 2008 †¢ By the end of 2006, Coca-Cola India had established PET The Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Pvt. Ltd (Coca-Cola recycling projects at over 100 locations in India and built a India), was awarded the Golden Peacock award4 for capacity to collect and recycle nearly 80 percent of the waste Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for the several generated from the PET. community initiatives it had taken and its efforts toward†¢ Coca-Cola started an initiative called e3 to redesign its conservation of water. trademarked bottle, saving 89,000 metric tons of glass in 2006 at a global level. Most of the packaging material used by Coca- Cola India becomes 100 percent recyclable.†¢ Coco Cola developed an Energy Management System (EMS) that curbed energy consumption by 35 percent. †¢ Coca Cola launched an initiative called Project esKO, which aimed to reduce Coca-Cola’s carbon footprint at a global level by improving its driving and manufacturing operation to curb its carbon dioxide emissions by 10,000 metric tons every year. 61. ConclusionSo, is Coca Cola seriously doing something to fulfill its social responsibility? 62. ConclusionSo, is Coca Cola seriously doing something to fulfill its social responsibility? Yes, but not enough! 63. Summary †¢ Focus on Environmental Responsibilities †¢ Several initiatives concerning water, energy, fuel, and packaging and recycling †¢ Although, they attracted criticism †¢ Coca Cola responded to the critics Conclusion: Coca Cola is doing something to fulfill its social responsibility, but not enough! 64. Summary (continued)Obstructionist Defensive Accommodative Proactive approach approach approach approachLow social responsibility Social responsibility High social responsibility 65. Summary (continued)Obstructionist Defensive Accommodative Proactive approach approach approach approachLow social responsibility Social responsibility High social responsibility 66. Summary (continued)Obstructionist Defensive Accommodative Proactive approach approach approach approachLow social responsibility Social responsibility High social responsibility 67. Thank you for listening! Questions?

Change and Continuity in L’Oreal

Change and Continuity in L’Oreal Introduction There have been plenty of cosmetics that have been produced and released in the market by various companies in the previous five years. The reason behind this is that more and more people especially women are becoming more conscious of their physical appearance that they are prepared to spend their hard earned money even on expensive but high quality and effective cosmetics. While the cosmetics industry is comprised of many companies that offer unique cosmetics at varying prices, it remains clear the LOreal remains as one of the more dominant and successful organizations at present. Since its establishment in 1909, LOreal has since become a significant force to reckon with in the cosmetics industry (LOreal Official Website, 2010). The advent of globalization has enabled the company to diversify its products to cater to various target markets with distinct beauty needs. Because of the massive profits that LOreal consistently gets from its local markets, the company has been able to effectively allocate its financial resources towards its expansion activities that have helped solidify the companys dominant position in the cosmetics industry. Guided by the effective leadership headed by CEO Jean-Paul Argon, LOreal has amazingly continued to make strides even in the presence of the global economic crisis that has resulted in many of its competitors experiencing significant declines in productivity and profitability. It is clear that the deep wealth of financial and human resources of LOreal along with the effective strategies to take advantage of the benefits provided by globalization has helped sustain the productivity of the company and it is expected that LOreal would be able to maintain its strength in the next couple of years. Part A: Internal / External Analysis Internal Analysis: Strengths LOreal is very much a recognized and admired company in the field of cosmetics. The organization is actually the most dominant and productive cosmetics producer over the past decades. This dominance consistently allows LOreal to attract more followers and convert them as loyal customers by making them satisfied with the beauty products that they buy. The growing population of LOreal has always been the stable source of revenues for the organization which makes it easy for them to achieve financial strength. The effective leadership of LOreal is doing a great job in adjusting the organizations plans and initiatives based on the latest trends in the cosmetics industry. This signifies the dedication of the management to maintain the positive image of the organization by always offering the more reliable beauty products that people will really enjoy and love. LOreal functions under the principle that to maintain its top position in the cosmetics industry, the focus and emphasis of their activities have to be geared to what their customers really aim for in terms of being beautiful (Begoun 2004, p. 560). LOreal does not take chances and is noted for making smart moves to beat its competitors in launching the most innovative beauty products all the time. LOreals cosmetics do not really come at cheap rates but the huge number of loyal customers is a sufficient proof that these products really work. LOreal is also known for its remarkable capability to always be the first company to find the latest beauty ingredients that will work well. The organization possesses deep financial resources to use in extensive research efforts that will help them to check the typical beauty problems of people. Consistent assessments of the cosmetics of LOreal are also being undertaken so that the organization is assured of the sustained effectiveness of their products. Any moves done by its competitors are also being monitored by LOreal for the organization to be able to respond quickly with better products and initiatives. Internal Analysis: Weaknesses The major point of vulnerability of LOreal is the alarming truth that the organization seems to neglect the idea of selling its cosmetics to the people belonging to the lower classes. The inability of the organization to keep in touch with the lower classes is a huge obstacle that continuously denies them the opportunity to clearly separate itself from the rest of its rivals. Because the prices of LOreal products are not considered as budget friendly among the lower class families, they are consistently being beaten by their rivals in this market segment (Kapferer 2008, p. 379). This is absolutely where the rivals of LOreal are striking back in an effort to somehow catch the company The usual criticism that LOreal receives regarding its cosmetics is that they are only made for the wealthy people to enjoy. The advertisements of LOreal boast of the numerous celebrities that endorse their products, and these send the wrong signals especially to the people belonging to the lower classes that these beauty products were not intended for them to use. This has sparked rumors that LOreal is biased when selecting their target markets that will use their cosmetics (Turner 2005, p. 226). This negative publicity and the failure of the organization to clarify these nasty rumors have somehow cast doubts even on their loyal customers regarding the true intentions of the organization. Critics also always question the corporate social responsibility initiatives of LOreal. Since LOreal has diversified its operations in numerous locations involving more than 80 countries, an evident weakness is that handling and monitoring its global activities have truly turned into significant challenges for the company. It only becomes harder for the company on the areas where LOreal products are not really very much patronized by the public due to the expensive prices and lack of familiarity. If LOreal is not going to do anything to improve its poor status in these countries, their competitors will someday take advantage of these weaknesses and may displace them at the top of the cosmetics industry. External Analysis: Opportunities LOreal is always presented the opportunity to offer its loyal clients with the best cosmetics that are impossible for their competitors to imitate. Even though the company is criticized for its selective target marketing initiatives, it could always help to silence their critics by always coming up with high quality products that are reasonably priced. The company has to continue taking advantage of its excellent research and development team that has proven its capabilities time and time again. The chance to respond to the criticism that LOreal is afraid to deal with the consumers from the lower classes must be grabbed by the company to once and for all settle this issue. Perhaps an important move connected to this would be finding ways to make their products more affordable for the public (Capon 2008, p. 263). This way, the consumers from the lower classes can be able to start appreciating the cosmetics of LOreal and not simply dream of using them just like what they always see and hear in the advertisements. It is always important that the consumers feel that their needs are being addressed by the companies whose products they patronize. LOreal can still keep on searching for other struggling cosmetics organizations and perhaps make intensive moves to acquire them to further expand their operations and strengthen their grip at the top spot in the cosmetics industry. It is no secret that the ongoing financial crisis has affected most companies and minimized their effectiveness, but remarkably LOreal has stayed strong even through the tough circumstances (Tang 2008, p. 20). The deep resources of the company significantly helped them to coast along the difficult stretch of 2008 and 2009 when the financial crisis struck. By making efforts to acquire or strike partnership deals with other smaller cosmetics companies, manufacturers and suppliers, LOreal can be able to take advantage of the financial crisis to pull away from their competitors and pounce on the problems that continue to hound them. External Analysis: Threats Since LOreal is the most dominant cosmetics company at present, the rest of the field is always waiting for any potential mistakes that LOreal is going to make so they can take advantage and pull themselves closer to the top (Doz 2001, p. 44). The intense rivalry is very typical in the cosmetics industry, and if LOreal becomes complacent and starts underestimating the capabilities of their competitors to beat them in sales and profits, it could be a costly mistake and something that the company could regret later on. Whether LOreal admits it or not, the financial crisis sooner or later will become an imminent problem that they will have to deal with especially if the crisis extends for the next two to three years. It can become more problematic if LOreal fails to adjust the prices of its beauty products, as the financial crisis has made most people to hesitate spending their money on expensive beauty products. Therefore, LOreal cannot simply keep relying on its deep financial resources to save them from the impacts of the financial crisis because eventually they will get depleted if even their loyal customers decide to refrain from buying their cosmetics. It is a must for LOreal to be able to find other ways to sustain their financial stability and make contingency plans in case the number of their loyal customers begins to decrease. LOreals promotional activities have also been attacked by critics for being biased and providing statements about their products that are merely lies (Sandhusen 2008, p. 52). These are absolutely not good for the long term progress of the company, as these controversies will forever be remembered by the public which could prevent LOreal from stabling bigger and stronger customer bases. The image of the company may be that of a dominant organization in the cosmetics industry, but if the public would believe that they are involved in illegal and unfair practices, they would eventually be losing majority of their precious clients. Summary What LOreal has to focus on is guaranteeing that they continue to capitalize on their strengths while their vulnerabilities are identified and resolved immediately. The various strengths of LOreal are unique and have been obtained through the hard work and commitment of the company to excellence. It would only be logical for LOreal to keep utilizing their strengths to their advantage given that its competitors are still struggling to the impacts of the economic crisis. The company also has to be resilient to monitor any available opportunities that could emerge and should not hesitate to grab them. LOreal, though, must be extra careful because their competitors are always significant threats to their dominance in the cosmetics industry. They need to pay close attention to their activities especially their marketing programs that have been the subject of controversies and fix the issues immediately. Task 2: Globalization and LOreal How globalization influences policies and decision making in LOreal The advent of globalization has had significant impacts on the policies and decision making of LOreal. Globalization has enabled LOreal to formulate policies that are geared towards utilizing its distinct operational structures to produce cosmetics that can be well appreciated by the public consumers all over the globe (Floyd 2004, p. 77). The policies of LOreal have always been based on globalization, and these include addressing the beauty needs of clients all over the globe, utilizing its resources to produce the best cosmetics, advocating diversity in their workforce to obtain better capabilities, improving its knowledge of world trends in cosmetics as well as establishing effective partnerships with providers and manufacturers all over the world to enhance the outputs and minimize their expenses. Through creating policies and decisions that aim to sustain LOreals dedication in offering the best beauty products to its global clients, the company believes that it is able to use globalization to its advantage. LOreal is aware that establishing a global presence is important for them to achieve success, which is why their policies and decisions are geared toward being involved in the cosmetics industries all over the world. LOreal aims to help establish an excellent business environment all over the world while expanding its operations in various sectors (Haig 2006, p. 27). For LOreal, globalization signifies the necessity for them to broaden its operations to enable more individuals from different cultures to get to know and use their beauty products. This global expansion initiative, though, is being done by the company in an organized and effective manner. LOreal has effective guidelines that help safeguard the environment of the foreign countries where they have operations. T he company also offers employment opportunities that are loaded with excellent incentives. They also have policies in interacting effectively with their providers to advocate the maintenance of excellent guidelines in the production of cosmetics. Of course, LOreal does not forget to recognize the policies and traditions of their global partners for development. The advent of globalization has also heavily influenced the policies and decisions of LOreal with regard to workforce diversity. LOreals policies and decisions are geared towards improving its operations through harnessing the knowledge and skills of their workforces all over the global and getting their precious suggestions and contributions. The company understands that the presence of globalization implies the need for them to rely on their diverse workers and address their typical concerns. The policies of LOreal also include guidelines to coordinate with the leaders of foreign countries where they have operations in offering sources of livelihood for their people in exchange for the continued stay of LOreal. This way, the company is able to maintain good relations with more than 80 countries where they currently have production plants and offices. It has become very clear for LOreal that to achieve global dominance in the cosmetics industry of the world, they have to use the diversity of their workforces to their advantage (Finkelstein 2007, p. 132). While the company has successfully expanded its operations in various continents, it remains a challenge for LOreal to penetrate certain underdeveloped countries due to cultural and language barriers. This is the reason why the management is working to break these barriers through new policies that will enable the company to finally penetrate in these tough locations that will contribute to their long term success. LOreal also has policies that aim to build strong relationships with its global business partners, including material providers and manufacturers. This is based on the philosophy of the company that it cannot achieve success by relying only on its own efforts. The company understands that by encouraging the participation and support of other important business organizations, LOreals aim to succeed can have a better chance to happen (Khanna 2010, p. 101). This structure of operation also helps the company to delegate its responsibilities effectively and trust that their business partners will be able to accomplish the tasks and responsibilities given to them by the LOreal management. Another impact of globalization in the policies and decision making of LOreal is the obvious focus on recognizing the rights, traditions, beliefs and norms of every foreign country where they have operations. The company understands that they have to be careful not to violate any of these international laws and policies if it wants to remain productive in these foreign locations. The policies of LOreal in this regard require the constant communication of the corporate leaders and the government representatives to discuss effectively the guidelines and other agreements that need to be approved. This way, any unexpected problems or concerns that could happen in the international locations can be easily resolved and their potential negative impacts are significantly minimized. Part of the policies of LOreal in respecting the international laws of their global business partners is the policy of maintaining the cleanliness of the environment. As LOreals products involve chemical wastes, the company assures the governments of their global business partners that waste disposal is always done effectively to prevent environmental damage and other hazardous impacts. Critically evaluate the effectiveness of LOreals response to globalization In terms of addressing the beauty needs of clients all over the globe, LOreal has mostly been successful in this regard. LOreal views the existence of globalization as a force that makes the beauty needs of their global clients even more complicated. This is because the existence of globalization can easily change the mentalities of people through what they see, heat and read in the media (Mueller 2004, p. 180). This means that what the beauty products that they might like today may be irrelevant for them tomorrow. However, because of the competent and hard working research and development team of LOreal, the changes in the consumer trends and behavior are easily monitored and thoroughly evaluated by the company. The successful response of LOreal to globalization in terms of addressing the needs of their global customers can be attributed to the hard work of its research and development team. The advent of globalization has also challenged LOreal to utilize its resources effectively to produce the best cosmetics. This is because globalization has also been beneficial to the competitors of LOreal. Its competitors have also acquired the new technologies, information and expertise that have significantly improved their operations and their chances to topple LOreal at the top of the cosmetics industry (Kurtz 2009, p 45). However, LOreal has been able to prove time and time again why it would be hard for its competitors to displace them at the top. Under the guidance of effective leaders, LOreal has consistently been able to maximize the depth of its financial and technological resources to create unique, innovative and relevant beauty products that cater to the beauty needs of its global clients. LOreal has never shown any hesitation to spend significant amounts of money in order to always be the first company to launch cosmetics that can catch the attention of global consume rs. LOreal has also been effective at responding to the challenges of globalization through the presence of diversity in their workforce to obtain better capabilities. With its global operations anchored on the strong contributions of its more than 100 production sites with almost 60,000 workers coming from various cultural backgrounds, LOreal has been successful in maximizing the availability of the skills, knowledge and expertise of its diverse workforce to its advantage. It is quite evident that the presence of globalization has made it mandatory for companies to really use a diverse workforce to be able to cope up to the challenges that it presents (Morck 2005, p. 211). The success of the response of LOreal to globalization in this aspect can be directly attributed to the excellent work of the human resources department of the company. The department is able to effectively select the right combinations of people from various cultures to handle the responsibilities inside the company, and does a good job in making sure that the needs and concerns of the employees are always addressed. As a result, the employees of LOreal all over the world are able to contribute significantly to the overall success of the organization. Globalization has always been connected to modern technologies and mass media, and LOreal has successfully used them in improving its knowledge of world trends in cosmetics. The negative consequences of failing to know and understand the latest developments in any market or industry have always been costly and disastrous for companies, which is why LOreal has significantly invested in modern technologies and production equipment as a proof of their readiness and willingness to embrace the challenges brought about by globalization. LOreal does not really worry about the huge funds that it shells out to acquire these technologies and equipment, because it understands that eventually the advantages of their investments would eventually outweigh the expenses. Aside from expanding its operations globally, LOreal has also been successful at establishing effective partnerships with providers and manufacturers all over the world to enhance their outputs and minimize their expenses. Over the last three years, LOreal has engaged in various acquisitions in an effort to cope up to the expansion activities of its competitors as dictated by globalization. Because of globalization, the implementation of free trade has made it easier for the competitors of LOreal to also engage in expanding their operations especially in areas where LOreal has been having difficulties in penetrating. Nonetheless, the strength of the significant acquisitions of LOreal most notably its acquisition of the Body Shop and Sanofi-Aventis is still much better compared to the minor transactions being done by their competitors. Perhaps the only aspect where LOreal has not achieved any satisfactory results is with regard to the environment (Peng 2008, p. 92). It is a well known fact that globalization has been criticized for causing environmental degradation, and the complaints being received by LOreal with regard to waste management are proofs of this. The company has been blamed for polluting water systems due to the chemicals involved in its production wastes, and this has surely caught the attention of the public. Complaints also with regard to the company making use of live animals to test their products have been condemned by animal rights advocates, and numerous protests have been initiated all over the world to stop LOreal from continuing such initiatives. While the company has always denied being involved in these animal testing activities, animal rights groups have yet to be convinced that LOreal is not guilty of these violations. These negativities are definitely undesirable and need to be fixed b y the company before they get blown out of proportions and become more complicated. Areas for improvement in the response of LOreal An important area of improvement for LOreal is concerning its research and development department. This unit deserves to be given credit for its excellent outputs and performances that have enabled the company to maintain its dominant position in the cosmetics industry. It is safe to say that the challenges brought about by globalization in terms of addressing the unpredictable beauty needs of the people have all been shouldered and correctly identified by the tireless researchers of LOreal (Flapper 2005, p. 80). This does not mean though that there is no more room for improvement for this department. The management of the company can keep allocating funds to this department to make sure that the researchers are able to keep doing their studies and activities without any limitations. It is important to remember that the research team is doing its studies on consumer behavior on a global scale, so financial assistance will definitely be needed by the department. The management of cultural diversity among its employees is also an important area of improvement for LOreal. While the company has done a good job in taking advantage of the diverse skills, knowledge and expertise of its employees all over the world, it will be beneficial for the company if there would be clearer methods of conflict resolution especially as cultural diversity is also the usual culprit of frequent disagreements among the employees. It is impossible to think that the employees of LOreal will always agree to all aspects of their work so it will help that methods of conflict resolution are firmly in place. This is an important impact of globalization that LOreal cannot afford to neglect since it could really have negative consequences on the performance of the company. The company is already doing a great job addressing the needs of their global workforce, but ample focus has to also be given to ensure that the diverse employees of LOreal are all on the same page. The use of mass media for its marketing efforts can also be improved by LOreal in response to the challenges of globalization. LOreal has been criticized for unfair advertising practices which have been denied by the company. Nonetheless, to make sure that all these criticisms are answered effectively, perhaps it is now time for the company to step up their efforts in utilizing various types of media outlets to improve its marketing outputs and reach more consumers from faraway places (Rugman 2005, p. 167). The use of Internet as an effective marketing strategy can be an excellent move for LOreal to intensify its marketing efforts and take advantage of its extensive reach. The marketing team also has to monitor the contents of their advertisements to check if there are indeed signs or indications of racial discrimination to prevent unnecessary controversies and issues from emerging. Perhaps the most important area of improvement that LOreal has to focus on is concerning ethics and environmental issues connected to globalization. This has been the major cause of controversies and problems for the company and it is only a matter of time before lawsuits will be filed against LOreal for continuous violations on animal rights and environmental policies. The improvement necessary for this starts with the employees of the company learning to follow the policies especially since they are operating in foreign countries. The management and the employees of LOreal really need to make serious discussions regarding these matters because if they are left unresolved, they will really start pulling the company down. These controversies are not good for the image of LOreal, so the sooner they are able to provide remedies to these problems, the better it will be for the company as they can start concentrating on issues and concerns that are more important than dealing with the co nsequences of their inability to follow policies. Conclusion There is no doubt that LOreal is at present at the top of the cosmetics industry because of its effective strategies that are geared towards taking advantage of its strengths and opportunities as well as reducing the impacts of its weaknesses and the threats being imposed by its competitors. It has also helped the company in having excellent leaders and hardworking, diverse employees. LOreal firmly believes that cultural diversity is an asset for the company, which is why the skills, knowledge and expertise of its employees are always developed to maximize them and put them to good use. Globalization is perceived by LOreal as a challenge and an opportunity to keep improving its operations all over the world. LOreals policies and decisions have undoubtedly been influenced by the impacts of globalization, and the company does not see anything bad at it for as long as the activities that they do are always in accordance to their mission, vision and objectives. The policies of LOreal have always been based on globalization, and these include addressing the beauty needs of clients all over the globe, utilizing its resources to produce the best cosmetics, advocating diversity in their workforce to obtain better capabilities, improving its knowledge of world trends in cosmetics as well as establishing effective partnerships with providers and manufacturers all over the world to enhance the outputs and minimize their expenses. There have also been negative impacts of globalization that LOreal needs to resolve immediately to make sure that they are able to maintain at the top of the cosmetics industry for the long term.